No choke is the first thing you find.
An EFI setup can allow for more settings and control than idle and flat out, which are the only two places a carb can really be optimised.
It also allows a computer to set it up, which on a carb, is a dark art.
Simply put, it takes input from various sensors, and then determines how much fuel to add at any time.
At present, bikes have less sensors than cars, so there is still a way to go before we actually achieve optimum performance.
They also operate in two loop settings, open and closed.
In a closed loop setting, the fuel is constantly computed against the sensors.
In an open loop system, a 'map' of settings is applied, and the closest fit is used to get the fuel setting.
Closed loop is better. but requires more sensors, and more cost - so is not present in most bikes yet.
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